This study was designed to investigate the mediating effects of emotional labor of group home workers in the relationship between their mental health and internal-/externalizing problems of group home children. 161 group home workers in Busan and nearby provinces were administered scales such as the adult mental health checklist(anxiety, depression, aggression), and ELS and 401 children under their care were assessed for CBCL 6-18. The results were as follows. Firstly, correlational analyses showed internalizing problems of children had significant correlations with the aggression and mental health(overall) of workers, and internal-/externalizing problems of children as well as all the subscales of emotional labor had significant correlations with the depression, aggression, and mental health(overall) of workers. Secondly, the regression analysis showed that internalizing(but not externalizing) problems of children had significant effects on workers' anxiety and mental health(overall). Thirdly, mediation effects of emotional labor were found in the relationships between externalizing as well as internal-/externalizing(overall) (except for internalizing alone) problems of children and mental health of the workers. The implications of the study and some suggestions for further research were discussed.

This study verifies whether academic support and housing and living support policies are controlling effects in the effects of stress levels on academic life of adolescent single-parent. The data is a '2012 survey of youth pregnancy, childbirth and child rearing' conducted by the Korea Institute for Youth Policy. The subjects included those who are pregnant with their children or who are planning to raise their children while they are pregnant, and those who are raising their children after childbirth, with 248 single parents raising their children under the age of 18. The research method was conducted with a technical statistical analysis, T-test and logistic analysis. The main results are as follows. First, 33.5 percent were raised by single-parent families and grandparents, 25.5 percent of those with less than middle school degrees and 73.4 percent of those who stopped studying. They were feeling a lot of stress and economic stress about the future, and the stress level of the academic discontinuities was high in all the lower areas. Second, stress levels have been shown to reduce academic sustainability to a significant level. It has been verified that the tuition support for adolescent single-parent qualification exams for general equivalency diploma is a direct factor that increases the sustainability of their studies by 3.8 times, while the effectiveness of support in cases of high domestic work stress increases, thus increasing the sustainability of their studies. Third, support for basic living expenses was also increasing the sustainability of academic studies by increasing influence in cases where primary family stress is high and child care stress is high. However, in cases of high economic stress, the influence was decreasing, raising the possibility of a suspension of studies. This has confirmed that adolescent single-parent may be partially supplemented by policy support if they lack the support they can expect from their families.

The present study examined parental role experiences of low-income single mothers who were raising adolescents through a qualitative approach. A total of nine low-income single mothers who were raising early adolescents (ages 11-14) participated in the study. Data were collected through two individual in-depth interviews for each participant and analyzed through the six-step thematic analysis procedure. The following themes emerged: 'Being a low-income single mother raising adolescents,' 'Facing changes in adolescent children,' 'Difficulties of raising adolescents and attempts at positive parenting,' 'Helps with raising adolescents,' 'Living as middle-aged single mothers,' 'Complex feelings for the adolescents,' and 'Expectations and hopes for the future.' Overall, the mothers showed strong sense of responsibility for parenting and expressed hopes for the adolescents' future in spite of the mothers' own emotional and financial difficulties, insufficient social support and difficult mother-adolescent relationships. Intervention/policy approaches that consider the complex parental role experiences of low-income single mothers raising adolescents should be developed.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of paternal involvement and self-efficacy on their children's self-esteem by surveying the mediating effects of paternal happiness. Father involvement, self-efficacy and happiness were examined as antecedents affecting on children's self-esteem. As a role of mediating effect for childrens' self-esteem, happiness from the involvement was analyzed. 597 valid questionnaires from the parents of aged 4 and 5 children were collected. SPSS 23 and AMOS 23 programs were utilized to analyze the data according to structural equation modeling analysis. In reviewing of the systematic correlation among fathers' parenting involvement, self-efficacy, happiness and child self-esteem, fathers' involvement and their self-efficacy revealed both direct and interactive influences of their childrens' self-esteem. Namely children who spend more time with their fathers in parenting and family activities, and children's cognitive achievements revealed higher self-esteem. As well, father's happiness substantially played a mediating role in relation between paternal self-efficacy and children's self-esteem. As paternal involvement and their self-efficacies evidently proved to enhance children's self-esteem and positive outcomes, institutional and educational preparations for fathers' intensive involvement in parenting are significantly required.

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the subjective structure of children's right of Korean college students majoring in Child Care & Education who would be child care center teachers. This study was conducted using Q methodology and the various 33 items were selected through comprehensive review, focus group interview and revision process. Also, 38 college students were selected for the P sample.
The results of the study showed 4 types of children's right perception; Type 1 ( Type of Universal Child Development Rights) includes those who respect for children to eat well, play well, and show their potential; Type 2 (Type of Cultural Protection Right) includes those who consider it important that the children express their opinions, keep them clean, and should not be discriminated depending on their nationality. Type 3 (Type of Child Right with Priority) includes those who feel decision making of child is important and think their rights first; Type 4 (Psycho social Right-Focused Type) includes those who feel that rights are related to society in national level.

Based on successful aging paradigm, participating in social activities for the elderly is becoming important and that depends on available their resources. It is known that selection of a type of social activity appears to depend on the resource of the elderly, so it is necessary to identify under what conditions the elderly will be involved in volunteering or working. This study aimed to identify what factors make the elderly to participate in activities. We used the data from the 12th Korean Welfare Panal Study Wave, which were analyzed by binomial logistic regressions. As the findings, the factors that cause the elderly to participate in volunteering rather than working were education level, age, social relationship satisfaction and gender, among which education level has the greatest impact. This work contributes to prove that the elderly with human and social resources are more likely to participate in volunteering. Based on these findings, we discussed how to encourage elderly to participate in social activities. It needs to the promotion and the information for vulnerable older people to volunteering, especially elderly males. And public and private institutions need to provide educational services to link between network and volunteering for the elderly. In addition, the government should provide support for young-old and old-old adults to be connected to volunteering after retirement.

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of recognition about respecting children's rights on the practice of respecting children's health·safety rights by early childhood teachers. The subjects of the study were 202 teachers from 36 institutions of early childhood education in Gyeonggi-do, Daejeon, and Chungcheongnam-do. The data collected through the questionnaire were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 program.
The research results are as follows. First, the degree of Recognition about respecting children's rights was lower than the level of practice of Respecting Children's Health·Safety Rights by Early Childhood Teachers. Second, Life Rights, Development Rights, Protection Rights and Participation Rights, which are sub-components of recognition regarding about respecting children's rights, were found to have a static correlation among the practice of respecting children's health·safety rights. Third, Life Rights, Development Rights, Protection Rights and Participation Rights were found to be predictors explaining 18.2 percent of the practice of respecting children's health·safety rights.

This paper empirically analyzed the factors of retirement readiness and capability for the middle-aged women in Jeonbuk. Regression results showed that people who were older, had no spouses, higher household incomes, or fewer household members tended to be prepared better. In terms of the capability in retirement readiness, the higher educational attainment or household income, the higher the capability. For being older, having been an employer in main career, or having no spouses, they were more likely to receive counseling services for their later life. The degree to which women in Jeonbuk prepare for their later life and their capability were statistically and significantly higher when they had received the consulting service for later life design. Also, they felt the necessity to have the service more once they received it. The empirical results imply that a policy enhancing an access to consulting service related with a later life design is required. In Korea, the share of the elderly has been continuously increasing, and the life expectancy has also increased significantly. However, the elderly poverty rate belongs to the highest among OECD countries and women tend to be weaker in retirement preparation than men. These trends would increase the financial burden of a (local) government in the future. Thus, public intervention with appropriate policy tools has to be made.