Purpose
Retrofit, defined to be addition of new technologies or features to the old system to increase efficiency or to abate GHG emissions, is considered as an important alternative for the old coal-fired power plant. The purpose of this study is to propose mathematical method to model multiple alternative retrofit in Generation Capacity Expansion Planning(GCEP) problem, and to get insight to the retrofit patterns from realistic case studies.
Design/methodology/approach
This study made a multi-alternative retrofit GECP model by adopting some new variables and equations to the existing GECP model. Added variables and equations are to ensure the retrofit feature that the life time of retrofitted plant is the remaining life time of the old power plant. We formulated such that multiple retrofit alternatives are simultaneously compared and the best retrofit alternative can be selected. And we found that old approach to model retrofit has a problem that old plant with long remaining life time is retrofitted earlier than the one with short remaining life time, fixed the problem by some constraints with some binary variables. Therefore, the proposed model is formulated into a mixed binary programming problem, and coded and run using the GAMS/cplex.
Findings
According to the empirical analysis result, we found that approach to model the multiple alternative retrofit proposed in this study is comparing simultaneously multiple retrofit alternatives and select the best retrofit satisfying the retrofit features related to the life time. And we found that retrofit order problem is cleared. In addition, the model is expected to be very useful in evaluating and developing the national policies concerning coal-fired power plant retrofit.

Purpose
Since the number of personal information breach incidents increased, many people have perceived the importance of personal information protection, in the recent. Especially, the number of personal information breach targeting middle-aged and elderly people rapidly increases. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors which influence to fail of online information security behaviors among the elderly.
Design/methodology/approach
This study made a research model by adopting the factors deducted from the protection motivation theory. To analyze the research model, we conducted an online survey targeted on the elderly and middle ages users who have nations of Korean and Chinese respectively.
Findings
According to the empirical analysis result, we identified that only perceived severity and perceived vulnerability affected information security awareness. On contrast, it was also discovered that perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and response efficacy did not affect information security awareness. Additionally, the awareness of information security also did not affect information security behaviors. Middle-aged and elderly people with personal information protection education did more information security behaviors than people those who no education experiences. Korean middle-aged and elderly people with education significantly did more information protection behaviors than the people without the education.

Purpose
As information management grows in importance around the world, organizations are investing in information security technology. However, the higher the level of information security technology in an organization, the higher the techno-stress of employees. The purpose of this study is to suggest stress factors related to information security technology that affect the reduction of employees' intention to comply with information security and to suggest ways to alleviate stress.
Design/methodology/approach
The research presented a model for mitigating technical stress related to information security based on technical stress theory and person-organization fit theory. 346 questionnaire data were analyzed from the members of the organization who applied the information security technology, and the research hypothesis was verified through the structural equation modeling.
Findings
The hypothesis test confirms that security-related techno-stress reduces the information security compliance intention of employees, organizational technical support mitigates technical stress, and person-organization fitness mitigates the negative relationship between techno-stress and compliance intention. The results of the study contribute to the organization's strategy for minimizing the reduction of the information security compliance intention of employees, and are meaningful in that the theoretical basis for mitigating techno-stress is provided in the field of information security.

Purpose
Along with increasing use of mobile devices, the sharing economy platform services, which generate profits by sharing products owned or labor, have been activated. A representative example of the sharing economy platform service is Airbnb, which connects providers having idle residential space with users. The results revealed that the cases of superhosts and professional companies had a positive and negative effect on user satisfaction, respectively. Based on signaling theory, this study drew the following implications: residential space providers should make an effort to meet the superhost conditions suggested by Airbnb, and offering residential spaces by individual suppliers rather than professional accommodation companies can more heighten user satisfaction.
Design/methodology/approach
Because sharing behavior is promoted through trust between interested parties, this study aimed to verify the effects of provider characteristics on user satisfaction in a sharing economy platform service. Specifically, it analyzed user satisfaction, according to host attributes (i.e., “superhost or not,” gender, and “professional company or not”) among the characteristics of Airbnb suppliers.
Findings
The results revealed that the cases of superhosts and professional companies had a positive and negative effect on user satisfaction, respectively. Based on these analyses results, this study drew the following implications: residential space providers should make an effort to meet the superhost conditions suggested by Airbnb, and offering residential spaces by individual suppliers rather than professional accommodation companies can more heighten user satisfaction.

Automotive manufacturers are applying technologies for greenhouse gas reduction such as vehicle weight reduction, engine downsizing, direct injection technology, variable valves and transmission performance improvement to achieve the targets for enhanced greenhouse gas and fuel consumption efficiency. In this paper, compared and analyzed greenhouse emissions according to engine capacity, engine displacement, curb weight and sales volume of hybrid and internal combustion engine passenger vehicles. Hybrid emit 32~39% less greenhouse gas than internal combustion engines through the combined mode test method. Hybrid electric vehicle's curb weight was about 7% heavier on average for the same engine displacement, while greenhouse gas was about 36% lower. It was confirmed that in order to reduce the emission of pollutants of greenhouse gases as well as the air pollutants, it is necessary to expand the supply of eco-friendly vehicles.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to observe the relative priorities of importances among the modified versions of Block chain system, being based on AHP decision support model which should be also proposed in this paper.
Design/methodology/approach
Four versions modified from the beginning of Block chain were divided into Public& Permissionless, Private&Permissionless, Public&Permissioned and Private&Permissioned types. Five criteria for evaluating the four versions whether the version were suitable for Medical information system were introduced from five factors of Technologies Accept Model, which were Security, Availability, Variety, Reliability and Economical efficiency. We designed Decision support model based on AHP which would select the best alternative version suitable for introducing the Block chain technology into the medical information systems. We established the objective of the AHP model into finding the best choice among the four modified versions. First low layer of the model contains the five factors which consisted of Security, Availability, Variety, Reliability and Economical efficiency. Second low layer of the model contains the four modified versions which consisted Public&Permissionless, Private&Permissionless, Public&Permissioned and Private& Permissioned types. The structural questionnaire based on the AHP decision support model was designed and used to survey experts of medical areas. The collected data by the question investigation was analyzed by AHP analysis technique.
Findings
The importance priority of Security was highest among five factors of Technologies Accept Mode in the first layer. The importance priority of Private&Permissioned type was highest among four modified versions of Block chain technologies in second low layer. The second importance priority was Private&Permissionless type. The strong point of Private&Permissioned type is to be able to protect personal information and have faster processing speeds. The advantage of Private& Permissionless type is to be also able to protect personal information as well as from forging and altering transaction data. We recognized that it should be necessary to develop new Block chain technologies that would enable to have faster processing speeds as well as from forging and altering transaction data.

NOx, PN and CO emissions from diesel trucks make up a significant portion of domestic air pollutant emissions. Therefore, test vehicles with various emission standards and driving modes were selected to evaluate the emission characteristics of regulated pollutants (NOx, PN, CO) in medium-duty trucks. As a result of test, all test vehicles were satisfied with Euro 5 or 6 regulation. NOx emissions of Euro 6 vehicles with after-treatment of LNT + DPF were lower than those of Euro 5 vehicles with DPF. In WLTC mode, all vehicles have high NOx emissions at section of extra high speeds, which are determined by increased fuel consumption and high combustion temperatures. CO and PN emissions from all vehicles were found to be low at section of low speeds. Also, The NO2/NOx ratio was analyzed at 7-23% in each mode, and the NO2/NOx ratio increased as the average vehicle speed increased. In NIER 9 mode, the CO, HC, and PN emissions were higher under cold conditions of engine than hot conditions of engine. In addition, vehicles with after-treatment system of LNT have similar NOx emissions level in this study.

Purpose
In recent years, “Internet + ” is a new social form. Has already brought the vitality of social and economic entities. The rapid development of Internet globalization, promote the development of an emerging network interaction, “Live broadcast”. Viewers from all over the world can watch various types of live programs by connecting to the Internet. Viewers and live broadcasters can generate instant and efficient interactions.
Design
Many companies have taken advantage of the advantages of the live broadcast platform. Use live broadcasts for brand marketing activities. Branding compared to offline, online advertising is cheaper, Spread more quickly, get feedback from consumers more realistic. Merchants are also aware that this type of interaction creates a closer connection between consumers and businesses.
This article will deduce a unique research model through lots of prior studies. Establish independent variables from two aspects of live software features and consumer features, and from the seven hypotheses derived, summarize how to make consumers more loyal to the same brand. The audience of Korean and Chinese live broadcast software is also growing. In order compare the differences between the consumer groups in Korea and China, this article uses the same research model, analysis of consumers in Korea and China.
Findings
Finally based on the results of the study. Proposal for rationalization of companies that use Korean-Chinese live broadcast platforms for brand marketing.

Purpose:
We present a scientometric review of the literature on platform government to serve three primary purposes: First, to cluster researches on platform government based on the research issues; second, to identify the major papers, authors, and keywords in the domain; and third, to explore the promising research areas of platform government.
Design/methodology/approach:
We collected the platform government research from Web of Science, and analyzed 1,536 articles that was published during time span of 1998-2019. Next, co-citation networks are constructed and analyzed by using CiteSpace to visualize the domain clusters and dynamic research trends in the platform government domain.
Findings:
We identified 13 sub areas of the platform government research: global investigation, consumer product quality, digital agora, civic crowd funding, and open data use etc. We also visualize the top 20 references with the strongest citation bursts, co-authors network, co-occurring keyword network, and timeline of co-citation clusters.